New IPS Publication: Empirical Evidence on Sexual and Gender-based Violence Faced by Migrant Female Domestic Workers

A new study by the Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka (IPS) has revealed the extent and nature of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) experienced by Sri Lankan female migrant domestic workers in the Middle East. The research underscores the urgent need for stronger protection frameworks to safeguard this vulnerable group and reduce their exposure to exploitation and abuse.

The study, titled “Empirical Evidence on Sexual and Gender Based Violence Faced by Migrant Female Domestic Workers,” draws on complaint data lodged at the Sri Lanka Bureau of Foreign Employment (SLBFE) and key informant interviews. It highlights how female domestic workers face a continuum of violence, including violations of basic human needs, harassment, deception, wage theft, and forced labour, exacerbated by systemic issues such as the Kafala sponsorship system and informal work arrangements.

“Female domestic workers migrate under extreme economic pressure, yet their vulnerabilities abroad expose them to multiple forms of violence,” said Dr. Bilesha Weeraratne, lead author of the study and Research Fellow and Head of Migration and Urbanisation Policy Research at the Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka (IPS). “Our findings show that despite existing institutional and international frameworks, SGBV remains a pressing issue requiring urgent, coordinated action.” Co-author Yashora Gunawardena, Research Assistant at IPS, added that the study’s unique use of SLBFE complaint files provides fresh insights into the post-pandemic realities of migrant workers.

The report recommends action along four key pillars:

• Pre-emptive risk identification and awareness raising mechanisms,
• Efficient and speedy reporting mechanisms,
• Effective support structures for positive coping mechanisms,
• Binding penalty measures to prevent further incidence of SGBV.

The study emphasises that recruitment agents, employers, governments, and civil society all have a role to play in minimising SGBV and supporting survivors. This publication serves as an urgent call to strengthen existing frameworks, embrace innovative solutions, and reaffirm Sri Lanka’s commitment to safeguarding the rights and wellbeing of its migrant workforce.

Source - Ada Derana